TDJ4M_Modeling

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=Modeling= A model is a scaled physical representation of an object or place. While there exist many CADD methods of modeling (including Revit, which we will use later this semester), a physical model is often desirable because humans prefer to have a tangible product from which to base opinions. The model is an easy way to check how all 3 final dimensions of the object will appear and is a preferred method in which to sell an idea to a prospective client.

The modeling we will be doing in TDJ4M will be architectural modeling and reflect the following:
 * **Small Scale solid models**: are on the scale of 1/32" = 1-0' to 1/8"=1-0'. They show very little detail other than the shell of the object and mostly demonstrate how the building will relate to it's outside environment. Typically these are the landscape models.
 * **Structural models**: are on the scale of 1/2" = 1-0' or 1" = 1-0'. They show the construction features of a building. All structural materials are cut to scale and proper building methods represented when making the model. That is to say, framing and load-bearing considerations are adhered to. Since the purpose of the structural model is to show basic construction, the walls and siding and roofing are kept off.
 * **Presentation models**: are used to show the finished appearance of the building. Construction of these is generally on the 1/4" = 1-0' scale, though they may be larger or smaller to accommodate the building being modeled.

==Materials and methods in model construction == Depending on the type of model being built, model builders use foam board (foam-core), architectural cardboard (called illustration board), balsa or a softwood such as pine, spruce or basswood. It is crucial you have a SHARP Xacto knife (every 20 min. of cutting you should snap off the blade to use a fresh edge). Additionally, rubber glue and card-stock

The order of construction of model building is: > ==== > to hold the sheets in place until the glue dries. Thin strips of material should be used to represent the fascia board. Finally roof material may be modeled by gluing strips of sandpaper or other realistic roofing material to the sheathing. Don't forget to model the flashing with aluminum foil.
 * 1) First print off the plan(s) for the building. They may either be printed to scale and materials traced off of them, or a scale ruler is used as construction takes place.
 * 2) The base of the model is cut (typically plywood). Generally the base is 30"x30" or 30"x36" for a residence which is easily portable.
 * 3) After studying the floor plan and elevations, select a piece of material that is the appropriate thickness for the exterior walls. Lay out the length of the exterior wall and any openings like doors and windows. It is crucial ALL relevant dimensions are adhered to. By forgetting to incorporate wall overlap you wind up having the overall model be the wrong size. Corners may be mitered or butt-jointed, but mitered corners are typically neater.
 * 4) Once all exterior walls are built lay out interior walls. Remember, they'll typically be 1/2 the width of an exterior wall.
 * 5) Apply trim around windows and doors. Insert exterior doors. Window glass may be installed. Best suited for this is either very thin Plexiglas or thick overhead transparencies. Exterior siding such as brick or vinyl may be made, or bought at commercial modelers. Homemade versions of typical sidings [|can be found here]. Tricks to make wood siding, plaster and stucco, stone and brick as well as roofing material are all there.
 * 6) Interior and exterior are painted using tempera paints. Careful to use light pastel colours as dark colours typically do not look realistic. Do not paint illustration board.
 * 7) Roof construction is typically one of the most satisfying parts of model making. Since roof framing is not seen in the model, it is not necessary to cut each rafter or ceiling joist. Lay out the gable ends (or if it is a hip roof, pretend where the hip starts is a gable end), and cut them out. Cut ridge boards from the same stock and glue them in place at the peaks of the gables. Pins can be used
 * 1) After the floor area has been painted, locate the model on the base and glue it in place. Paint the area surrounding the house green. For best results you can put two layers and sprinkle grass flock before the 2nd coat dries. Trees, shrubs, driveways and walkways can be modeled then. If you don't wish to purchase these, they can easily be made from cut pieces of sponge and twigs. Don't add so many plants that the landscape looks cluttered.
 * 2) Interior components are best modeled from card-stock and/or cut from soap and balsa and/or basswood.



You are to design, and model an 8' x 10', 4-walled bunkhouse. It must have 2 outside windows (size up to you) and a standard 28"x80" door. The siding is to be overlap wood siding (also called clapboard). You are to build the plans and elevations first in AutoCAD, then move to sketchup modeling in order to frame it __completely (down to how 2x4's and 2x6's will meet)__.

When modeling the bunkhouse, you are to build it FROM THE GROUND UP. That is to say, you will be given scaled 2x4"s 2x6"s and 2x8"s. You will start with the floor joists, then build stud walls, and a raftered roof (which we won't join to the top-plate for this assignment - as would normally be done). There will be the clapboard exterior finish, but you will NOT clad the interior so that all framing elements are visible from the inside. You are NOT to have a working door, but rather an opening, along with the windows, are properly trimmed. No base is necessary for this project. If you're having difficulty with your roof - install Simple Plugins Installer (go to the extensions section under Windows>Get Extensions. After installing the Simple Plugins Installer (accept all defaults in its installation and restart Sketchup. Now go into the Extensions warehouse and install the 1001bit tools (or manually install it using the Simple Plugins Installer after downloading it from [|here])

Draw to full scale, then when we're done drawing you'll take your AutoCAD and Sketchup models and shrink it by a factor of 6. That means your overall bunkhouse model will be 20"x16". That also means that standard 2"x6"'s will be a bit under 1/8" by a bit under 1" at that scale. All full scale measurements will be divided by 6 for the purposes of the scale.
 * YOU WILL BE USING 1"=6" OR 1:6 SCALE FOR THIS PROJECT**
 * REMINDER**: When working in modeling software, at the grade 12 level we need to worry about layers. In both AutoCAD and Sketchup make sure your layers are as follows.
 * 1) framed floor, (white)
 * 2) the wall framing, (grey)
 * 3) the windows and doors (light yellow)
 * 4) the cladding (wall covering) (dark red)
 * 5) the roof framing (dark blue)
 * 6) roof covering (purple)

In AutoCAD you will build the plans as follows:
 * 1) foundation (floor framing) plan
 * 2) floor plan (includes wall studs and window/door frames in detail
 * 3) truss plan
 * 4) front elevation (gable view) showing slope of roof, soffit, fascia
 * 5) side elevation (showing truss spacing and any relevant windows)
 * 6) section plan (only 1) showing how the walls will interface with the floor and the roof.

[|In AutoCAD layers]

[|Sketchup Layers]

Framing tips




Evaluation
exemplar exemplar


 * **CATEGORY** || **4** || **3** || **2** || **1** ||
 * **AutoCAD plans** || All relevant details are present in plan and elevation || Details are largely present with a few minor exceptions. || Generally the plans show relevant detail however the diagrams may be too vague in areas || The plan can generally be understood, though important items may flawed or missing. ||
 * **Sketchup detailed plan** || All relevant floor and wall details are present and done impeccably. || All floor and wall details are present, though there may be confusion in the drawings. || Generally the details can lead towards a final product, but there are flaws in which construction details may be obscured || There are large errors - such that construction will be difficult based on the schematics. ||
 * **Bunkhouse model framing** || Bunkhouse exterior and interior finished with attention to detail. || Generally the bunkhouse is detailed, though cuts or framing elements may be missing. || The model is generally sound, though is missing details or bad cuts make the structure unstable. || The model framing is missing major features. ||
 * **Bunkhouse detail** || All aspects of the detail are present and exemplary || All details are present, but may be slightly off. || Many details are present, though may require some work and/or are missing. || There are many flaws or lack of details to the model. ||
 * **Use of Time** || Used time well during each class period (as shown by observation by teacher, and documentation of progress in journal) with no reminders. || Used time well during most class periods (as shown by observation by teacher, and documentation of progress in journal) with no reminders. || Used time well (as shown by observation by teacher and documentation of progress in journal), but required reminders on one or more occasions to do so. || Used time poorly (as shown by observation by teacher and/or documentation of progress in journal) in spite of several reminders to do so. ||



Assignment #7 - Your bunkhouse in a garden[[image:TDJ4M_landscaping.png width="800" height="555" align="right"]]
Once your bunkhouse is done you are going to place it in a "proper English garden". That is to say, you're going to model a standard 38'x25' English garden and have your bunkhouse appear in that someplace. You will be working on a 1"=1' scale (1:12) so that your board size will be 25"x38". Your bunkhouse is at the wrong scale to work in this model so you are to use foam-core to model the exterior of your bunkhouse. You are NOT to put any detail on the bunkhouse, simply make it the right overall shape and keep it white. This assignment is getting you to focus on landscaping portion of design. As such you will model where features like trees, shrubs, flowers, gardens and pools will be on the site. Showcase the design features of the bunkhouse through the land around it. There are good tips [|in this document.] A couple tricks to the physical modeling - if you want to have non-flat terrain, a good approach is to use rigid insulation and sculpt it and then place landscaping fabric, or felt, on top of it. Furthermore - keep it simple. Don't get hung-up on modeling things like stone walkways - simply print them off and glue them onto your terrain. For grass you can either buy flocking powered, or another trick is to take an old stuffed animal with the right colour (light beige or brown) and take a fine bristle brush and brush it like made (it will make a bunch of fuzz) that you can then punch into your foam on your board.

__Steps__:
 * 1) Take a piece of paper and draw out any ideas you have w.r.t. the features. Think walkways, flower-beds, raised beds and finally shrubs and trees.
 * 2) Sketchup bring your bunkhouse onto a 25'x38' rectangle.
 * 3) Outline any paths or steps. Fill them with whatever your paint will be (brick/stone/chipped wood)
 * 4) Using Windows>Components you can start inserting things like trees, shrubs
 * 5) When done start modeling it in real life.


 * **CATEGORY** || **4** || **3** || **2** || **1** ||
 * **Sketchup detailed plan** || All relevant details are present and done impeccably. || All details are present, though there may be confusion in the model. || Generally the details can lead towards a final product, but there are flaws in which details may be obscured || There are large errors - such that construction will be difficult based on the schematics. ||
 * **Garden model planning** || Garden model is well planned out with layers and traffic flow. || Generally the garden is thought through. Though elements may be missing. || The model is generally sound, though better details or poor planning might make the garden more usable. || The model is missing major features and/or concepts. ||
 * **Garden detail** || All aspects of the detail are present and exemplary || All details are present, but may be slightly off. || Many details are present, though may require some work and/or are missing. || There are many flaws or lack of details to the model. ||
 * **Use of Time** || Used time well during each class period (as shown by observation by teacher, and documentation of progress in journal) with no reminders. || Used time well during most class periods (as shown by observation by teacher, and documentation of progress in journal) with no reminders. || Used time well (as shown by observation by teacher and documentation of progress in journal), but required reminders on one or more occasions to do so. || Used time poorly (as shown by observation by teacher and/or documentation of progress in journal) in spite of several reminders to do so. ||