TEJ2O_networking

include component="page" page="course_tabs_header" include component="page" page="menu_TEJ2O_crumbs" =Networking and IP Addressing=

Networking is the communication between computer systems or devices. A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data. The three types of networks are: the __Inter__net, the __intra__net, and the __extra__net. Examples of different network methods are:


 * Local area network (LAN), which is usually a small network constrained to a small geographic area. An example of a LAN would be a computer network within a building.
 * Wireless LANs and WANs (WLAN & WWAN) are the wireless equivalent of the LAN and WAN.
 * Metropolitan area network (MAN), which is used for medium size area. examples for a city or a state.
 * Wide area network (WAN) that is usually a larger network that covers a large geographic area.

All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a variety of different kinds of media, including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, power lines and various wireless technologies. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet). Networking, routers, routing protocols, and networking over the public Internet have their specifications defined in documents called RFCs. [|source]



Assignment #15 - Networking
Answer the following in and submit into the handin folder

You may use the following website: http://fcit.usf.edu/network/default.htm 1. What is a computer network? 2. Distinguish between a LAN and a WAN. 3. State the two most important advantages of having a computer network. 4. What is a protocol? 5. State the differences between Ethernet and Fast Ethernet. What is Gigabit Ethernet and what kind of cable does it use? 6. What is networking hardware? 7. What is a NIC? What kind of NIC is most commonly used today? 8. Describe: a. Switch b. Router 9. What is network cabling? 10. How many categories of UTP are there? What are their differences? 11. What is a fiber optic cable? 12. What are two advantages or wireless LANs? 2 disadvantages? 13. Distinguish between a peer to peer and a client/server network and state some advantages/disadvantages. 14. Describe the various wireless protocols typically used in home networking (802.11x)



IP ADDRESSING (IPv4)
Implemented in 1998, Internet Protocol version 4 addressing was/is a connectionless protocol (a message can be sent from one location to another without a prior connection being formed) for use on packet-switched networks (e.g., Ethernet). It operates on a best effort delivery model, in that it does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer transport protocol (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol). All that to say, 'Information A' goes from one address to another by being broken down into packets, which make their way to the end-address the best they can, then get reassembled into 'Information A' once more.

Interestingly enough, the backbone of the internet, IPv4 is currently being replaced by IPv6 as a default protocol (e.g. Windows 7). Already, there is [|evidence to show]that we've run out of IPv4 addresses (to that end, large corporations hold some blocks and they're [|highly priced]commodities at the moment). There are significant problems with switching over to IPv6 however - old equipment!

An understanding of the way that IPv4 addressing works will help us to understand IPv6 addressing, so let's start there. In IPv4 addressing (let's just refer to it as IP addressing), an IP address is a 32 bit, 4 octet address which is assigned (by who?) to every computer on an IP (ethernet protocol) network.

For example, the host address 192.168.1.1 (which is a very common router address for most home networks) resolves to:

IP addresses conform to the pattern:
 * IP address in decimal ||||||||||||||||= 192 ||||||||||||||||= 168 ||||||||||||||||||= 1 ||||||||||||||||= 1 ||
 * Binary assignment || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 ||
 * octet1.octet2.octet3.octet4

There are major IP Address classes used in the wild:
1) **__Class A__**: Used by countries or VERY large companies (e.g. Cisco, Microsoft, Dell etc...). These are unique 1st octet ranges (1-> 127). They take the form of:

[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e5/Subnetting_operation.svg align="right"]]

 * network.host.host.host
 * Octet || network || host || host || host ||
 * Real-world analogy || street address ||||||= street number ||
 * the default subnet mask (which creates subnets, or private addresses within the host network) for these is 255.0.0.0

2) __**Class B**__: Used by big companies. The first octet is in the range of 128-191 and has the pattern:
 * network.network.host.host
 * subnet mask is 255.255.0.0

3) __**Class C**__: Used by small companies and individuals. The first octet is in the range 192-223 and has the pattern:
 * network.network.network.host
 * subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

4) __**Class D/E**__: are experimental networks used to multicast

__Tools we use in IP networking are__:
 * //ipconfig//: which gives information about the host computer's network adapters as well as the details of the connection to the ethernet network.
 * //ping:// which is a way in which to test the reachability of a host or IP address on a network.
 * //traceroute//: is a diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

__There are several network IP addresses that reserved, they are__:
 * 10.host.host.host
 * 127.host.host.host
 * 169.host.host.host
 * 192.host.host.host (chances are your home network is something like 192.168.X.X where the subnet IP addresses are likely 192.168.1.X or 192.168.2.X)

So how are IPv4 vs. IPv6 similar/different? media type="youtube" key="1e7yM-yGz7s?version=3" height="315" width="560"



Assignment #16 - IPv4 Addresses
Answer the following and submit into the handin folder.

1) __For each of the following IP addresses, state:__ i) Class ii) default subnet mask iii) network address iv) binary resolution of the network address

a) 192.168.2.89 b) 167.89.32.12 c) 24.98.33.111 d) 256.78.123.4 e) 222.47.99.11

2) Using [|TCPView] identify the IP addresses and MAC addresses of 5 other computers in Lab 40. Record your results.

Assignment #17 - Router Emulation
Go to [|Linksys Emulation]and pick 2 linksys routers which you want to explore. I'd suggest the more popular ones (WRT54GS WRT120N and E1500). Choose the most recent version of the software for each. For each router, take screen captures (PRT SCR button next to the F-keys up top at right) for all relevant steps to document your progress - you can paste the pictures taken in Paint.Net and submit them into the handin folder.

For each router (remember to 'save' at the bottom, between steps for the settings to 'take')

a) choose the default router IP address to 192.168.1.1 b) choose a default router name to be something relevant to your home location c) make sure the time is GMT-5 H (eastern US & Canada) d) under wireless options, choose to make the default SSID something relevant (that is NOT the same name as for the router) e) choose WPA2 for a wireless security option and type in some passphrase (a word) f) enable your MAC access filter and allow ONLY the MAC address g) change the administrative password for the router to something of your choice h) go into parental controls for access policies and add a local machine (if it were real you'd get IP addresses of local computers). i) gamer settings
 * 70-D4-67-C4-B4-AF
 * E6-64-DF-D5-61-DB
 * FC-DD-52-F1-F0-23
 * block the following times: 9:30 pm to 11:30 pm
 * www.youtube.com
 * if you can, block port range 150-15000 (which would likely block torrents)

Xbox LIVE requires the following ports to be open:

Port 88 (UDP) Port 3074 (UDP and TCP) Port 53 (UDP and TCP) Port 80 (TCP)

go into the port forwarding area for the router and forward the ports listed above to the IP address 192.168.1.14 j) if possible, go into the Quality of Service (QoS) area and give high priority to the mac address FC-DD-52-F1-F0-23 k) ensure HTTP remote access is disabled for the router.

//**Answer the same questions for the [|d-link emulator listed here]**//

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